The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.
